← All sectors

Defense

Research and insights on European resilience in Defense.

Defense July 8, 2026

The economic footprint of Europe’s defence build-up

Defence policy is usually discussed as a national security issue, but its economic effects are often highly local. This column presents new evidence from 1,011 regions in 15 European countries suggesting that places hosting defence production and supply chain activity have a larger economic footprint than comparable places without such activity: they enjoy higher income…

1 min Read
Defense July 4, 2026

Behind the curve: Britain’s defence investment plan in Trump’s world

The new defence investment plan is weighed down by the habits of Britain’s defence establishment. By contrast, the British public appear readier to accept change.

1 min Read
Defense July 4, 2026

The bear with the bomb: Russian nuclear coercion and the future of European deterrence

Russia is expanding its nuclear-capable, long-range weapon systems to press Europe and fracture NATO. Europeans need to plug the gaps in their nuclear capabilities and create a strategic deterrent that can function without US support

1 min Read
Defense July 4, 2026

Sliding doors: One Trump crisis, two possible futures for Europe

The next Trump crisis will come. European governments facing American pressure will need to weigh the costs and benefits of their responses. Here are two scenarios to show what resistance costs, and why those costs are lower than they appear

1 min Read
Clean Tech July 4, 2026

Home alone: Europeans are ready to defend themselves

A major ECFR poll finds the European public, in a time of rupture, thinking differently and questioning old assumptions. It reveals new political space available to their leaders (for now) and challenges them to use it

1 min Read
Defense July 4, 2026

If Bardella wins: Scenarios for a far-right presidency in France

Jordan Bardella is the frontrunner in the French presidential election next year. His win would transform France’s place in Europe. This scenario shows how

1 min Read
Defense July 4, 2026

Making defence European again

The Russian threat is not going away any time soon. To defend themselves without America’s help, Europeans need to pursue a new, distinctly European model of defence and deterrence

1 min Read
Defense July 4, 2026

Brexit isn’t working: British voters are ready for a European future

Ten years on from the referendum, the British electorate has moved on from its old divisions and—in a world of crisis—is embracing an ambitious move back towards the European Union

1 min Read
Defense July 4, 2026

The crucial role of Article 5: Can NATO hold without US leadership?

Europe’s security architecture is undergoing profound change. As the US reassesses its global priorities and questions grow over the future of transatlantic security, European governments face mounting pressure to strengthen their defence capabilities and rethink longstanding assumptions about NATO. In the second episode of Making Defence European Again, Celia Bélin, policy fellow and head of…

1 min Read
Defense July 4, 2026

Is Europe’s support for Ukraine changing as the war goes on?

As Russia’s war against Ukraine continues, European governments are facing difficult questions about military support, diplomacy and the long-term security of the continent. How should Europe balance continued assistance to Ukraine with preparations for future negotiations? In the final episode of Making Defence European Again, Celia Bélin, policy fellow and head of ECFR’s Paris office,…

1 min Read